Recent Advances in Plant-Based Antioxidants: Phytochemical Pathways and Therapeutic Potential

Abstract

Plant-based antioxidants have garnered significant attention due to their ability to neutralize free radicals and mitigate oxidative stress, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the phytochemical pathways involved in the biosynthesis of plant antioxidants and explores their therapeutic potential. Focusing on flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, and other secondary metabolites, the study discusses their mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and efficacy in clinical and preclinical settings. Data from global and Pakistani research initiatives are analyzed to highlight novel antioxidant compounds and their applications in pharmacology and nutraceuticals. The paper also addresses challenges related to extraction, standardization, and delivery of plant antioxidants, offering insights into future research directions aimed at harnessing their full therapeutic potential.