Housing Inequality in Metropolitan Areas: Causes, Consequences, and Policy Responses

Abstract

Housing inequality in metropolitan areas presents significant social and economic challenges, manifesting in unequal access to quality, affordable, and adequate housing. This paper examines the spatial and socio-economic dimensions of housing inequality within urban regions, exploring how factors such as income disparity, racial segregation, zoning policies, and gentrification contribute to uneven housing outcomes. Through analysis of case studies from North America, Europe, and Latin America, it highlights patterns of residential segregation and the impacts on health, education, and economic opportunity. The study also evaluates policy interventions aimed at mitigating housing inequality, including affordable housing programs, inclusionary zoning, and community land trusts. Findings underscore the need for integrated urban planning and equitable policy frameworks to promote housing justice in growing metropolitan regions.